アメリカで駐在する際に必要なのがビザです。ビザは大きく分けると2種類あります。
1つが、グリーンカード。これは、アメリカ永住を希望する人のためのものです。
そして、もう1つが、非移民ビザ。海外赴任者は、この非移民ビザを取得することになります。
しかし、非移民ビザといっても、かなりの種類があります。一般的には次のようなビザがあります。
- Aビザ:外交・公用ビザ
- Bビザ:短期観光、出張
- Cビザ:通過ビザ
- Dビザ:乗務員ビザ
- Eビザ:投資家、貿易家
- Fビザ:学生
- Gビザ:国際機関関係者ビザ
- Hビザ:労働
- Iビザ:特派員
- Jビザ:交換訪問者ビザ
- Kビザ:婚約者、配偶者
- Lビザ:企業内管理職転勤者
- Mビザ:職業訓練生
この中で皆さんに関係するのは、貿易駐在員・投資駐在員ビザと呼ばれるEビザです。
Eビザの特徴と種類
実は、Eビザには、E1ビザとE2ビザの2種類があります。両者の正式な名称は、以下の通りです。
E1ビザ:貿易駐在員ビザ / E2ビザ:投資駐在員ビザ
それぞれには申請の資格要件があり、多くの方はE1ビザを取得することになります。
E1ビザの申請資格
- 申請者は条約国の国籍であること。
- 申請者の米国での勤務先となる会社の国籍は条約国であること。会社の株の少なくとも50%を条約国の国籍の者が所有していること。
- 国際貿易が実質的なものであること。貿易は相当額であり、継続した貿易がなされていること。(貿易とは、商品、サービスの国際間取引を意味します)。貿易品の所有権は一方から相手国当事者へ譲渡されなければなりません。
- 国際貿易が相当額かつ継続したものであること。
- 貿易は主として米国と条約国間のものであること。国際貿易の50%以上が米国と条約国間のものでなければなりません。
- 申請者は管理職または役員、あるいは企業の運営に不可欠な高度の専門知識を有する者であること。一般業務レベル、または未熟練労働者は申請資格がありません。勤務先となる会社でその申請者の技術が必要不可欠であることの理由について詳細な説明が必要となることがあります。
- 申請者はE-1としての資格終了後、米国を離れる意思があること。
E2ビザの申請資格
- 個人、共同経営者、企業体を含む投資家は、条約国の国籍を有すること。企業の場合、少なくとも企業の50%の株を条約国の国籍の者が所有していること。
- 投資は継続したものであり、投資額は取消不可であること。投資額はその会社を順調に運営できるための十分な額でなければなりません。
- 投資は実態のある企業へのものでなければなりません。投機的または余資投資は該当しません。銀行口座内に使途不明確な資金を所持していることや単なる未開発地を所有していることは投資とは認められません。
- 投資はただ単に生計費を賄うためだけではない。その投資は投資家と家族の生計を支えるために必要な金額をはるかに上回る収入をあげなければならない。あるいは、米国に著しい経済効果をもたらすものでなければなりません(9 FAM 41.51 N11参照)。
- 投資家は資金の主導権を握っていなければならず、その資金は商業上損失を伴うリスクのあるものでなければならない。もしその投資が商業上の不運に遭い投資額の一部または全額が損失するという影響下になければ、投資は本来の投資としての意味をなさない。(9 FAM 41.51 N11参照) 投資した資産を担保にした借入金は認められません。
- 投資家はその企業指揮し発展させることを目的に渡米しなければならない。申請者が投資家本人でない場合は、管理職または役員あるいはその会社に必要不可欠な知識を要する職種として雇用されなければなりません。一般業務レベル、または未熟練労働者は申請資格がありません。勤務先となる会社でその申請者の技術が必要不可欠であること、管理職または役員と相当の資格があることの理由について詳細な説明が必要になることがあります。
- 申請者はE-2としての資格が終了後、米国を離れる意志があること。
Eビザの申請方法は?
貿易駐在員(E-1)ビザまたは投資駐在員(E-2)ビザを申請される際は、下記の必要書類を提出してください。
- オンライン申請書DS-160フォーム。DS-160についての詳細情報は DS-160 ウェブページ を参照してください。
- DS-156E (Nonimmigrant Treaty Trader/Treaty Investor Application), 非移民ビザ申請書。 (キーワードに「156」と入力して検索してください。)
- パスポートは、(米国での滞在予定期間に加えて、少なくとも6ヶ月間有効でなければなりませんが国別協定 によってこれが免除される場合があります)。パスポートに1名以上が併記されている場合は、ビザを必要とする各人申請書が提出する必要があります。
- 過去10年間に発行された古いパスポート
- 2インチx2インチ (5cmx5cm)で6ヶ月以内に撮影した背景白の証明写真1枚(ページ上部に写真を逆さまにテープで留めてください)。 こちらのウェブページ 必要な写真の様式に関する情報が掲載されています。
- 面接を予約されたことを確認する面接予約確認書を提出してください。面接予約はこちら。
- 領事は、貿易企業または投資企業がEビザの適用条件を満たしていることを審査するため、申請者に特別な書類提出を求める場合があります。どの様な書類が必要か、補足書類以外に事前に特定することはできません。
なお、申請時には、併せて企業登録が必要です。
オハイオ州コロンバスへの進出相談・資料請求はこちらから
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