全米でビジネス環境に優れている州の特徴

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1月6日の記事、「JETRO最新レポートから読み解く米国各州の投資状況」において、投資が活況であったのは下記の州でした。

  • テキサス州
  • オハイオ州
  • イリノイ州
  • ノースカロライナ州

JETRO最新レポートから読み解く米国各州の投資状況

 

本日は、それらの州について、ビジネス環境の概要をお伝えします。

テキサス州

 

好調なエネルギー分野

原油高や技術革新により、シェール開発が活況。州内に埋蔵量の豊富なシェールの優良鉱区があるため、資源開発関連の企業が多数進出しています。加えて、掘削に関わる機器、生産や輸送に使用される鋼管といった関連産業への参入も目立ちます。

また、液化天然ガス(LNG)輸出や、天然ガスを原材料として利用するエチレンやメタノールなどの化学プラントの投資計画が相次いで発表され、建設ラッシュが続いています。

日本企業では、三井物産が2013年5月、ダラスに本社を置くセラニーズと合弁で8億ドルを投じてメタノールの生産プラントを建設すると発表しました。

 

エネルギー分野以外でも本社機能の移転・集約化が進む

2014年の投資件数を分野ごとに見ると、IT・エレクトロニクス、エネルギー、工業製品、化学の順となっています。

日本企業でもテキサスへの移転が目立ち、例えばトヨタは2014年5月、北米統括拠点をダラス近郊に集約すると発表しました。カリフォルニア州やケンタッキー州、ニューヨーク州に分散されている拠点からの移転を伴い、2017年末には4,000人の雇用規模になると言われています。同様に、ダイキン工業も2015年1月、ヒューストン近郊に本社機能と工場および物流施設を兼ね備えた複合施設を建設することを発表しており、雇用規模は4,000人を超えると言われています。

テキサスへの進出が活況な背景としては、(1)個人・法人所得税がゼロといった税制、(2)人件費や不動産価格などビジネス・生活コストの低さ、(3)東海岸および西海岸へ飛行機で3~4時間、ヒューストンおよびダラスをハブとした中南米路線の充実などアクセス面での強み、などが挙げられます。

州政府はさらなる税制の引き下げを検討しており、固定資産税やフランチャイズ税の引き下げを視野に入れています。また、大学での研究開発を強化する基金の創設や、州外から全米トップレベルの研究者を招聘し、州内の研究開発体制を強化させ、競争力を高める方針を打ち出しています。

 

イリノイ州

 

州政府の積極的なサポートが企業誘致に好影響を与える

イリノイ州では、州政府貿易投資局(OTI)が定期的に直接投資誘致のためのセミナーを開催し、快適な立地条件、州税の優遇措置、保税地域の利便性に関する情報の提供を積極的に行っています。その結果、投資を検討する企業は安心して進出を決めることができると言います。

加えて、投資誘致のための官民の垣根を超えた活動にも積極的です。現在、経済開発公社(Illinois Business and Economic Development Corporation)の創設が計画されており、同公社では、州商業経済機会局(DCEO)を通じて州政府交付金を受けながら投資誘致を担う組織で、税優遇措置などについて投資を検討する民間企業と交渉する権限も与えられるようです。

 

目立つ日本企業の進出

イリノイ州には1,700社以上の外国企業が進出し、27万人以上を雇用しています。その中でも日本企業の進出は目覚ましく、進出企業数、雇用者数ともにトップです。主要な企業としては、三菱自動車と武田薬品工業が挙げられ、両企業とも雇用者数上位10位以内に入っています。

投資先としての魅力として、交通の利便性の高さと、有能な人材を確保しやすい点が挙げられます。世界的なハブ空港であるオヘア空港(シカゴ)を有し、物流拠点として優れており、州内8ヵ所に保税地区(foreign trade zones)が設けられています。

 

ノースカロライナ州

 

全米でも屈指のビジネス環境

2013年の全米ビジネス環境ランキングで2位にノミネートされたノースカロライナ州。その背景には、優れた立地条件と地元大学を起点としたハイテク産業の産業集積が挙げられます。

同州には4つの国際空港と11の地方空港があり、ニューヨーク、ワシントン、シカゴ、ダラス、アトランタなどの米国東部・中部・南部の主要都市に飛行機で1~2時間でアクセスできます。また、港や整備された鉄道・高速道路などの陸上交通網を有しており、米国及びカナダの消費者へのアクセスがしやすい点が評価されています。

加えて、州中央部の3都市、ローリー、ダーラム、チャペルヒルを結ぶ三角形で囲まれる地域は「リサーチ・トライアングル」と呼ばれ、製薬やコンピュータ、ソフトウエアなどといったハイテク企業が集積しています。周辺には、ノースカロライナ州立大学、デューク大学ノースカロライナ大学チャペルヒル校があり、これら3大学が産学連携の拠点となっています。

 

日本は対内直接投資で一位

同州には多数の日本企業もみられ、住友電工、ブリヂストン、エーザイ、富士フイルム、ホンダエアクラフトなどが進出しています。同州への外国からの投資動向としては、2013年は18ヵ国から14億8,000万ドルの直接投資があり、そのうち19%にあたる2億8,000万ドルが日本企業によるものとなっています。

 

出典:https://www.vectortemplates.com/raster-countries-usa.php

 

オハイオ州について知りたい方はこちらをクリックしてください。

コロンバス経済開発区について

オハイオ州コロンバスへの進出相談・資料請求はこちらから

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